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Craig Solomon

Founder, Fulcrum Enterprises. Building the foundation for an AI driven future.

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Fulcrum Enterprises LLC

How to tell if your proof verifier is computing anything or just asking a server

How to tell if your proof verifier is computing anything or just asking a server

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5 min read
Your timestamp is an upper bound, not a date

Your timestamp is an upper bound, not a date

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5 min read
Webhook Security Patterns for Async Proof Workflows: HMAC, Idempotency, and Replay Protection

Webhook Security Patterns for Async Proof Workflows: HMAC, Idempotency, and Replay Protection

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5 min read
Your build produces a hash. Who can check it without asking you?

Your build produces a hash. Who can check it without asking you?

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6 min read
The Merkle Proof Bug That Silently Returns the Wrong Root

The Merkle Proof Bug That Silently Returns the Wrong Root

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3 min read
Verifying a Blockchain-Anchored Timestamp Without Trusting the Vendor

Verifying a Blockchain-Anchored Timestamp Without Trusting the Vendor

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4 min read
A checksum fixes half the problem.

A checksum fixes half the problem.

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3 min read
FRE 901 Blockchain Evidence Authentication: What the Standard Actually Requires

FRE 901 Blockchain Evidence Authentication: What the Standard Actually Requires

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3 min read
Stacking C2PA Content Credentials with Blockchain Timestamps in Python

Stacking C2PA Content Credentials with Blockchain Timestamps in Python

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5 min read
How Do Organizations Create Blockchain-Anchored Timestamps for Legal Evidence?

How Do Organizations Create Blockchain-Anchored Timestamps for Legal Evidence?

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5 min read
Beyond Authentication: FRE 803(6) and the Hearsay Problem in Blockchain Evidence

Beyond Authentication: FRE 803(6) and the Hearsay Problem in Blockchain Evidence

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4 min read
Pre-Loss Documentation: Why File Timestamps Don't Prove Timing (And What Does)

Pre-Loss Documentation: Why File Timestamps Don't Prove Timing (And What Does)

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2 min read
Watch-Folder Anchoring in Node.js: chokidar, Queues, and Rate-Limit Backoff

Watch-Folder Anchoring in Node.js: chokidar, Queues, and Rate-Limit Backoff

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5 min read
How Forensic Consultants Create Verifiable Digital Evidence Records

How Forensic Consultants Create Verifiable Digital Evidence Records

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4 min read
Idempotent File Anchoring: SHA-256 Dedup Before You Call the API

Idempotent File Anchoring: SHA-256 Dedup Before You Call the API

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5 min read
How Businesses Can Document Asset Conditions Before an Insurance Loss

How Businesses Can Document Asset Conditions Before an Insurance Loss

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5 min read
Using SHA-256 as an Idempotency Key in a File Anchoring Pipeline

Using SHA-256 as an Idempotency Key in a File Anchoring Pipeline

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5 min read
C2PA Content Credentials and the Chain-of-Custody Gap

C2PA Content Credentials and the Chain-of-Custody Gap

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2 min read
How Opposing Counsel Attacks Blockchain Timestamp Evidence (and What the Technical Record Shows)

How Opposing Counsel Attacks Blockchain Timestamp Evidence (and What the Technical Record Shows)

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5 min read
Video Evidence in Disputed Claims: Why Footage Timing Is the Authentication Problem

Video Evidence in Disputed Claims: Why Footage Timing Is the Authentication Problem

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5 min read
Idempotent File Anchoring in Python: SHA-256 as a Deduplication Key

Idempotent File Anchoring in Python: SHA-256 as a Deduplication Key

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5 min read
How a Business Can Prove Asset Conditions Before a Hurricane, Theft, or Flood

How a Business Can Prove Asset Conditions Before a Hurricane, Theft, or Flood

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4 min read
Zubulake's Preservation Trigger: The "When Did You Know" Problem Blockchain Anchoring Addresses

Zubulake's Preservation Trigger: The "When Did You Know" Problem Blockchain Anchoring Addresses

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3 min read
Skip the Duplicate: Building an Idempotent File-Anchoring Worker in Python

Skip the Duplicate: Building an Idempotent File-Anchoring Worker in Python

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5 min read
Pre-Loss Evidence Documentation: The Case for Blockchain-Anchored Timestamps

Pre-Loss Evidence Documentation: The Case for Blockchain-Anchored Timestamps

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2 min read
Notarization vs. Blockchain Timestamping: Which Fits a Claims Portfolio

Notarization vs. Blockchain Timestamping: Which Fits a Claims Portfolio

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4 min read
Blockchain Timestamping for Pre-Loss Evidence: Why File Metadata Isn't Enough

Blockchain Timestamping for Pre-Loss Evidence: Why File Metadata Isn't Enough

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2 min read
Notarization vs. Blockchain Timestamps: What Each One Proves Under the Federal Rules

Notarization vs. Blockchain Timestamps: What Each One Proves Under the Federal Rules

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4 min read
Notarization vs. Blockchain Timestamp: What Each Actually Authenticates

Notarization vs. Blockchain Timestamp: What Each Actually Authenticates

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5 min read
Reliable Webhooks for Async Proof Pipelines: Signatures, Idempotency, and Replay Protection

Reliable Webhooks for Async Proof Pipelines: Signatures, Idempotency, and Replay Protection

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5 min read
Victor Stanley v. Creative Pipe and the Culpability Gap Blockchain Anchoring Closes

Victor Stanley v. Creative Pipe and the Culpability Gap Blockchain Anchoring Closes

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3 min read
Construction Defect Claims and Burden of Proof: What Pre-Loss Documentation Has to Establish

Construction Defect Claims and Burden of Proof: What Pre-Loss Documentation Has to Establish

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5 min read
The Original File Problem: What FRE 1002 Actually Requires When Digital Evidence Is Disputed

The Original File Problem: What FRE 1002 Actually Requires When Digital Evidence Is Disputed

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4 min read
How to Create Tamper-Proof Records for Pre-Loss Documentation

How to Create Tamper-Proof Records for Pre-Loss Documentation

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2 min read
Pippins v. KPMG: Proportional Preservation and the Gap Anchoring Fills

Pippins v. KPMG: Proportional Preservation and the Gap Anchoring Fills

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3 min read
Chain of Custody Gaps in Digital Evidence: How Blockchain Timestamps Close Them

Chain of Custody Gaps in Digital Evidence: How Blockchain Timestamps Close Them

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2 min read
Batch File Anchoring in Python: Concurrency, Rate Limits, and Resumable Progress

Batch File Anchoring in Python: Concurrency, Rate Limits, and Resumable Progress

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5 min read
When Evidence Timing Becomes the Dispute

When Evidence Timing Becomes the Dispute

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2 min read
Apple v. Samsung: How Institutional Processes Triggered an Adverse Inference

Apple v. Samsung: How Institutional Processes Triggered an Adverse Inference

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3 min read
Merkle Proof Validation in Python: Walking from Leaf to Root

Merkle Proof Validation in Python: Walking from Leaf to Root

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3 min read
When Digital Evidence Timing Becomes the Dispute

When Digital Evidence Timing Becomes the Dispute

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2 min read
Digital Evidence Authentication: Why Timestamps Matter More Than File Data

Digital Evidence Authentication: Why Timestamps Matter More Than File Data

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2 min read
Mosaid v. Samsung: How Routine Deletion Policies Became Sanctions Risk

Mosaid v. Samsung: How Routine Deletion Policies Became Sanctions Risk

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2 min read
File Monitor with Automatic Hashing: Python Watchdog in Production

File Monitor with Automatic Hashing: Python Watchdog in Production

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4 min read
When File Timestamps Become Evidence in Court

When File Timestamps Become Evidence in Court

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2 min read
Self-Authentication Under FRE 902(13) and 902(14): No Expert Required

Self-Authentication Under FRE 902(13) and 902(14): No Expert Required

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2 min read
Pension Committee v. Banc of America: How Blockchain Anchoring Changes Preservation Calculus

Pension Committee v. Banc of America: How Blockchain Anchoring Changes Preservation Calculus

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2 min read
FRE 707 Certification Requirements: What Practitioners Must Know Before the Rule Takes Effect

FRE 707 Certification Requirements: What Practitioners Must Know Before the Rule Takes Effect

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3 min read
Brookshire Bros. v. Aldridge: When Intent Matters More Than the Missing Evidence

Brookshire Bros. v. Aldridge: When Intent Matters More Than the Missing Evidence

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2 min read
Blockchain Evidence for Solo Attorneys and Small Insurance Agencies: An Accessible Guide

Blockchain Evidence for Solo Attorneys and Small Insurance Agencies: An Accessible Guide

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4 min read
FRE 707 Implementation: How the Machine-Generated Evidence Rule Changes Authentication Practice

FRE 707 Implementation: How the Machine-Generated Evidence Rule Changes Authentication Practice

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4 min read
Pre-Loss Documentation: Why Timing Matters for Insurance Claims

Pre-Loss Documentation: Why Timing Matters for Insurance Claims

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3 min read
Evidence Authentication in the Digital Age: Why FRE 901(b)(9) Matters for Claims Professionals

Evidence Authentication in the Digital Age: Why FRE 901(b)(9) Matters for Claims Professionals

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5 min read
FRE 707 (Proposed): What the New Machine-Generated Evidence Rule Means for Blockchain Timestamps

FRE 707 (Proposed): What the New Machine-Generated Evidence Rule Means for Blockchain Timestamps

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4 min read
When AI Platforms Block Your Original Work

When AI Platforms Block Your Original Work

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4 min read
The Real Cost of Proving You Created Something First

The Real Cost of Proving You Created Something First

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3 min read
Detect tampered files by comparing hashes to on-chain anchors

Detect tampered files by comparing hashes to on-chain anchors

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3 min read
When Your Demo Becomes Someone Else's Hit

When Your Demo Becomes Someone Else's Hit

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3 min read
FRE 707 (Proposed): What the New Machine-Generated Evidence Rule Means for Blockchain Timestamps

FRE 707 (Proposed): What the New Machine-Generated Evidence Rule Means for Blockchain Timestamps

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4 min read
Auto-Hash Files with Python's Watchdog: Building a File Monitor Pipeline

Auto-Hash Files with Python's Watchdog: Building a File Monitor Pipeline

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4 min read
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